In voting Saturday in Buenos Aires, the committee picked Tokyo over the two other contenders, Madrid and Istanbul.
The announcement came at 5:20 a.m. Tokyo time, but a large crowd watching on an outdoor video screen burst into cheers.
Tokyo previously hosted the Summer Games in 1964.
Japan's bid for 2020
billed the city as the safe choice -- despite radiation leaking from the
Fukushima nuclear plant. Prime Minister Shinzo Abe personally made a
presentation to the committee and promised an effective cleanup.
Tokyo's bid came in at
$5 billion to $6 billion, compared to $19 billion pledged by Istanbul,
said Ed Hula, editor and founder of aroundtherings.com, which covers the business and politics of the Olympic movement.
But Tokyo's government
has already amassed a $4.9 billion Olympic fund to pay to prepare for
the Games, Hula said. And a $1 billion national stadium that will be
used for the athletic events and the Opening Ceremonies will already
have been built for the rugby World Cup in 2017 and is not considered an
Olympic expense.
Turkey would have been
the first Muslim country to host the Games, and with a median age of
less than 30 years, one of the youngest. However, it missed out for the
fifth time.
Istanbul would have been
"a more emotional choice," Hula said. But its huge bid would have been
needed to fund infrastructure improvements, including modernization of
its transportation system.
Tokyo led after a first
round of voting Saturday but fell short of a majority, with 42. Istanbul
and Madrid tied for second on 26 votes each, and a 49-45 tiebreaker
vote put the Turkish city in the final runoff with Tokyo.
Tokyo won the deciding vote, 60 to Istanbul's 36, according to an IOC tweet.
Madrid, like Tokyo, was a
repeat bidder -- making its third consecutive case for the Games, one
that was little changed from previous attempts, Hula said.
The Spaniards' $2
billion bid said they had little need for new infrastructure, he said.
And they have ample sports experience, having hosted a number of other
high-profile, international events.
But the country's
economic plight remained a drawback, with one out of four adults
unemployed. Though Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy insisted that rate is
improving, "the fact is that most reasonable, sensible economists think
unemployment is going to linger at a high level for years to come," Hula
said.
And Spain's athletes,
too, have had issues with doping accusations. In a case that occurred
several years ago, blood bags from athletes who had tested positive were
destroyed, Hula said. "It's been a long-running situation."
Spain's Prince Philip, a former Olympic sailor, was a lead figure in Spain's presentation.
"Some people around the
world have questioned hosting the Games in a time of economic
uncertainty," he told the IOC members Saturday ahead of the voting.
"But I don't see this as
a threat to the Olympics, I see it as an opportunity. The benefits of
sport are measured in generations, not in dollars."
On Sunday, the three sports competing to be added to the 2020 roster will know their fate.
Squash is hoping to be
included for the first time, but is up against a combined
baseball/softball bid and wrestling -- which is seeking to be
reinstated.
The 125th IOC Session
will be the last for its president Jacques Rogge, who is standing down
after 12 years in the role. The 71-year-old's successor will be elected
Tuesday.
The 2016 Summer Olympics will be in Brazil. The Winter Olympics will be held in Russia in 2014 and South Korea in 2018.
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